R&B
Born from the African-American communities of the 1940s, R&B, or Rhythm and Blues, has continuously evolved, influencing, and being influenced by various musical styles.
Table of Contents
Origins and Evolution
- 1940s-1950s: The Birth of R&B
- Originally termed “race music,” the genre was later rechristened as Rhythm and Blues.
- Characterized by strong rhythms and emotive vocals.
- Influenced by jazz, gospel, and blues.
- 1960s: The Motown Era and Soul Emergence
- Motown Records, founded by Berry Gordy Jr., brought R&B into the mainstream.
- Artists like Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, and The Supremes became iconic figures.
- “Soul” emerged as a subgenre, with singers like Aretha Franklin and Otis Redding at the forefront.
- 1970s: Funk and Disco Influence
- Funk, with its groovy bass lines and rhythmic beats, became a dominant force. James Brown, known as the “Godfather of Soul,” was a major proponent.
- The era also witnessed the fusion of R&B with disco, especially in the late ’70s.
- 1980s-1990s: New Jack Swing and Contemporary R&B
- New Jack Swing combined hip-hop rhythms with R&B melodies, popularized by artists like Bobby Brown and Janet Jackson.
- Contemporary R&B artists like Mary J. Blige, R. Kelly, and Usher introduced a blend of soulful melodies with hip-hop beats.
- 2000s-Present: Neo-Soul and Electronic Influence
- Neo-Soul, characterized by its fusion of 1970s-style soul with contemporary sounds, was championed by artists like Erykah Badu, D’Angelo, and Lauryn Hill.
- Later years saw the influence of electronic music, with synthesizers and auto-tune becoming prevalent.
Sub-Genres
Contemporary R&B
It’s a genre that’s been evolving since the ’80s. Contemporary R&B is the mashup of traditional R&B elements with a sprinkle of pop, hip-hop, and even electronic sounds; this is where modern meets classic.
Among the artists are Usher, Alicia Keys, and John Legend.
Quiet Storm
This sub-genre is all about the mellow, the smooth, and the sensual. Named after Smokey Robinson’s 1975 album, Quiet Storm is that late-night radio format you tune into when it’s time to unwind or, you know, set the mood.
Artists like Sade and Luther Vandross have set the standard here.
New Jack Swing
Imagine combining the grooves of R&B with the edgy beats of hip-hop. That’s New Jack Swing, the brainchild of producers like Teddy Riley. We’re talking danceable tracks with a pinch of swag.
Bobby Brown, SWV, and Bell Biv DeVoe gave us some unforgettable New Jack anthems.
Hip-Hop Soul
Hip-Hop Soul takes the emotive qualities of R&B and fuses them with hip-hop’s raw energy. Think Mary J. Blige, who’s often crowned as the “Queen of Hip-Hop Soul,” or the soulful yet gritty sounds of Lauryn Hill.
Alternative R&B
Alternative R&B isn’t afraid to experiment, often dabbling in indie, electronic, and rock elements. Artists like Frank Ocean, The Weeknd, and FKA Twigs have been challenging the traditional norms, giving us music that’s artsy, eclectic, and downright mesmerizing.
Trap-Soul
The newest addition to the R&B family – Trap-Soul. It combines the melodic elements of R&B with the hard-hitting beats of Trap music. Artists like Bryson Tiller and PARTYNEXTDOOR are the torchbearers here.
Characteristics of R&B
- Strong Vocal Delivery: R&B places significant emphasis on the voice, with singers showcasing extensive vocal runs, emotive delivery, and a wide vocal range.
- Rhythmic Beats: As the name suggests, rhythm plays a crucial role in R&B, with strong, syncopated beats forming the genre’s backbone.
- Lyrical Depth: R&B lyrics often delve into themes of love, hardship, aspiration, and heartbreak, reflecting the human experience.
- Harmonization: Harmonized vocals, especially in groups, are a hallmark of R&B, creating a rich, layered sound.
Cultural Impact
- Civil Rights Movement: R&B played a crucial role during the Civil Rights Movement, with songs addressing racial injustice and advocating for change.
- Fashion and Dance: R&B has significantly influenced fashion trends and dance moves, especially during the Motown and New Jack Swing eras.
- Influence on Other Genres: From pop to hip-hop, the impact of R&B can be seen across various genres. Many pop artists, for instance, incorporate R&B elements into their sound.